allonlinenovel Chapter 57: The trend of rebellious thinking rises!
Chapter 57: The trend of rebellious thinking rises!
(Note: Historically, Cao Cao died in the 25th year of Jian'an. Because "how can the world have both", he hoped that Prime Minister Zhuge would restore the Han Dynasty, and that Wei, which had not been usurped by the Sima family, would be unified. Therefore, this interface will first allow the Prime Minister to realize his wish, and will open the unification of Wei during the period of Cao Rui, and Cao Cao's General of the Western Expedition during the period of Emperor Ling of Han. If you think it is a thunder point, you can abandon it here.)
[We have just talked about the bad influence that the Sima family has had on society. Next, let’s analyze it from the perspective of ideological rebellion.
Rebellious Thought
What was the Jin Dynasty like during its reign? The path to success was controlled by the aristocratic families; under the Nine-Rank System, there were no poor people in the upper ranks and no nobles in the lower ranks; the lives of the lower-class people were like ants; the politics was corrupt, the thoughts were confused, the idle talk was prevalent, the society was unruly, and wars were everywhere.
We have already said that "loyalty, filial piety and etiquette" were completely destroyed by the Sima family. So what is the legal system that governs the world at this time? The only thing left is "I hope the holy dynasty will rule the world with filial piety."
Do you remember Dong Zhongshu's Confucian doctrine of "the interaction between heaven and man" which was modified for the reign of Emperor Wu of Han? But the Sima family has no way to use it now, and those famous scholars and intellectuals who should have entered the officialdom to govern the country and bring peace to the world have also fallen into a crisis of extreme confusion and chaos.
"The ruler is the leader of the ministers?" If so, what did your Sima family do? A wise ruler makes the ministers loyal, which has always been something that both sides need to do to achieve.
What else can we believe in? The emperor is the Son of Heaven, and he is "a saint who holds the unity and is the shepherd of the world."2 However, he was stabbed to death in the street. This pulled the emperor down from the position of God, and he was not mysterious at all. Therefore, the various unruly behaviors of the celebrities during this period can be seen as dissatisfaction with the rule of the Jin Dynasty.
They don't want to take up official posts and just want to live in seclusion.
Ji Kang, one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, once refused Sima Zhao's call for conscription and was later framed and executed. But in the end, Ji Kang's son Ji Shao later served in the Jin Dynasty and died protecting Emperor Hui of Jin, becoming a famous loyal minister of the Jin Dynasty, "for the blood of Ji Shizhong".
With the coming of troubled times, metaphysics and Laozi and Zhuangzi rose up, opposing Confucian classics and the Confucian constraints on people's moral life, and began to rebel. The famous scholars of Wei and Jin Dynasties, represented by the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, openly opposed feudal ethics and were the first to open up.
In order to get rid of the shackles of ethics, they used various uninhibited actions to express their dissatisfaction with the society at that time, and pursued spiritual detachment and personal liberation. "Indulging in alcohol and being unrestrained, taking off clothes and being naked in the house." The four scholars exposed their chests and abdomens, and some even took off clothes in public, drank and sang. Even these people who should be the pillars of the country began to rebel against reality. How can society be good?
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Bao Jingyan wrote "On the Absence of Monarchs" to criticize the society at that time, and his criticism of monarchs in the book was particularly fierce. He believed that the world no longer needed monarchs, and those who believed that monarchs were needed to govern the country did so because they wanted to be monarchs, so they made up stories to deceive you!
The monarch is not mysterious at all. Everything in the world has its own nature. The monarch is the product of bullying the weak. They use this to fool and oppress the people. Therefore, the people's lives are difficult, all caused by those who want to be emperors. The people can't live anymore. Under exploitation and oppression, the people have no choice but to rebel.
The monarch does whatever he wants, commits all kinds of evil, and dominates the world. However, the people are the weak and are always oppressed by the monarch. The monarch is the culprit for the suffering of the world. Bao Jingyan believes that only when there is no monarch and no ministers, there will be no exploitation and oppression, and the people can live a good life.
Without saying what Bao Jingyan’s thoughts were, it can be seen from this that his thoughts at that time were indeed very rebellious.
What's worse is that in this dark court, with years of war, natural disasters and man-made calamities, they are no longer satisfied with simply venting their dissatisfaction through drinking, singing, writing and poetry. They begin to study Laozi and Zhuangzi, practice immortality and make elixirs, and only care about enjoying themselves in the moment.
In order to show his difference from the lower class people, he chose to take Wu Shi San and achieve a false state of immortality through taking drugs.
＜ So, Confucian ethics are pretty useful? ＞
＜Am I the only one who thinks Bao Jingyan’s ideas are so avant-garde? He is so brave to say that the monarch is the source of all evil in a feudal society.＞
＜After reading this, I really don’t think this is a problem of the Sima family. The social situation is the same in Cao Wei.＞
＜I think what the up master meant is that the Sima family, as the people in power, did not restore order at all and did not give those intellectuals a sense of security. This is their dereliction of duty.＞
＜When Ji Shao served in the Jin Dynasty, many people still said that he was unfilial. However, the relationship between Emperor Hui of Jin and Ji Shao was still touching. Alas, even Emperor Hui of Jin, who was not very smart, knew that it was a loyal minister who could not bear it, but some people just wanted to kill the loyal minister.＞
＜Bao Jingyan just felt that the monarch was wrong, but at the same time he did not stand on the side of the people, the limitations of the times＞
＜So the Sima family not only cannot stand up to etiquette and law, but also lacks the ability, so later generations judged it as the most rubbish unification. If the Sima family could produce a strong man, who would care about them.＞
＜ If a country's intellectuals and nobles are all taking drugs, will the country still be good? No. The Qing Dynasty knew the harm of opium and chose to ban smoking, but unfortunately, the times had changed by then...＞
"If opium is not banned, the country will become poorer and the people will become weaker. In ten years, not only will there be no money to pay, but there will also be no soldiers to use." Mr. Lin saw it clearly.
＜ Under the Nine-Rank System, the nobles did not need to worry about their future life and career, so they just drank Wushisan every day and focused on having fun. It was difficult for the poor to make a living, and the only way out for ordinary people was to join the army in that chaotic world＞
……
Western Jin Dynasty, Taishi 2nd year
Sima Yan was hit by an unprecedented ideological shock. No monarch? This was a denial of the emperor and the system that had existed for a long time.
No, that's not right. At first, it was a system of abdication, with the wise taking the throne, and later it became a family-run dynasty. In the future, China will have no emperor. Will it go back to the system of Yao giving way to Shun, and Shun giving way to Yu?
Now that the light curtain has provided a solution for my Sima family, I will never let Jin be disgraced again.
"You must abstain from taking Hanshi powder!" Sima Yan said to his ministers seriously.
"From this point of view, eating cold and loose food is extremely harmful to the country." Jia Chong and others also answered.
However, no one dared to criticize the famous scholars for their unruly behavior. They were unwilling to enter officialdom, as this would be an embarrassment to the Sima family.
No one has pointed out the disadvantages of the Nine-Rank System. No matter how many drawbacks it has, it has brought benefits to the aristocratic families present here.
Sima Yan took note of it in his heart, and also remembered the differences among the ministers. He sighed in his heart. In order to save Jin, in addition to preventing the Five Barbarians from invading China, he also had to change the Nine-Rank System. It was really difficult! There was not even a single useful person in the court.
Just as I was thinking about it, I caught a glimpse of Liu Yuan speaking below.
"For the blood of Minister Ji." Liu Yuan remembered that it was the "Song of Righteousness" written by Wen Tianxiang that was mentioned when he talked about the Battle of Yashan before. He didn't expect that there was this story behind it.
Ji Shao, who is 13 years old this year, has been taking care of his mother at home since his father Ji Kang was killed. Ji Shao's mother was the daughter of Pei Wang Cao Wei and the owner of Changle Pavilion. Ji Kang was unwilling to serve in Jin because he was loyal to Cao Wei.
Now the light curtain format is more convenient for everyone to watch. When Ji Shao's mother saw the light curtain mentioning that her son would serve in Jin in the future and die to protect the emperor, she felt both resentment and helplessness in her heart.
Ji Shao comforted his mother and said, "I just want to stay at home and take care of you."
The owner of Changle Pavilion thought it through and shook his head: "My son has his own talents, how can he live in the mountains and forests? If there is still hope for Jin, he should go out to work and work for the welfare of the people."
Ji Shao, however, had not yet figured it out. Sima Yan was the son of the enemy who killed his father, and he would never serve a thief.
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Note: 1 From Li Mi's "Petition to the Emperor"
2 From the Tao Te Ching
3 From Wen Tianxiang's "Song of Righteousness"
"The emperor was wounded in the cheek by three arrows, and all the officials and attendants scattered. Ji Shao, wearing court attire, dismounted from his horse and mounted the chariot to protect the emperor with his body. Soldiers led Ji Shao to the middle of the shaft and chopped him. The emperor said, "He is a loyal minister, don't kill him!" Ji Shao replied, "I am following the orders of my younger brother, and I will not harm anyone, Your Majesty!" Then they killed Ji Shao, and his blood splattered on the emperor's clothes. His attendants wanted to wash the emperor's clothes, but the emperor said, "This is the blood of Shizhong Ji, don't wash it!" - "Zizhi Tongjian"
4From Liu Ling’s description in A New Account of Tales of the World.